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Befunge Programming Techniques Overview
A tour of the recurring patterns that give Befunge programs structure: loops, branches, skips, strings, input, grid storage, subroutines and layout habits.
Programming in Funge
Befunge Techniques
Everyday patterns for writing readable Befunge programs.
A Worked Countdown Program
Follow a two-row Befunge countdown from 9 to 1 one step at a time, with the stack contents and pointer direction written out at every instruction.
Conditional Branching with the Horizontal and Vertical If
How Befunge's two if instructions pop the top of the stack and steer the pointer, with a small example, comparison tips and common layout mistakes.
Jumping Over Cells with the Trampoline
What the Befunge # instruction does, how it skips exactly one cell in any direction, and the loop and layout tricks it makes possible.
Laying Out Befunge Code So Humans Can Read It
Practical spacing, alignment and sectioning habits that make a two-dimensional Befunge program easier to follow, trace and change without breaking it.
Printing Strings with Quote Mode
How Befunge's double-quote instruction pushes character codes, why strings come out backward, and three reliable ways to print text in the right order.
Reading Numeric Input in Befunge
How the ampersand and tilde instructions read numbers and characters in Befunge, how to convert digit characters to values, and what to watch for at end of input.
Subroutines in a Grid Language
Befunge has no call instruction, so reusable routines are emulated. Compare copying code, dispatching a return with a stack value, and rewriting cells.
Using Get and Put to Store Variables on the Grid
How Befunge's g and p instructions turn spare grid cells into named variables, with argument order, a counter example and tips for avoiding collisions.
Writing Loops in Befunge
Build counted and conditional loops in Befunge by routing the pointer back over earlier cells, with tested-first and tested-last layouts and common pitfalls.
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